Of RL plants, there are variations, such as rugose leaves, which are deeply grooved, and variegated, angora leaves, which have additional colors where a genetic mutation causes chlorophyll to be excluded from some portions of the leaves. Most tomato plants have compound leaves, and are called regular leaf (RL) plants, but some cultivars have simple leaves known as potato leaf (PL) style because of their resemblance to that particular relative. The hairs facilitate the vining process, turning into roots wherever the plant is in contact with the ground and moisture, especially if the vine's connection to its original root has been damaged or severed. Tomato vines are typically pubescent, meaning covered with fine short hairs. ![]() When the tip eventually stops growing, whether because of pruning or flowering, lateral buds take over and grow into other, fully functional, vines. Tomato plants are dicots, and grow as a series of branching stems, with a terminal bud at the tip that does the actual growing. Determinate types are annual in all climates. Indeterminate types are "tender" perennials, dying annually in temperate climates (they are originally native to tropical highlands), although they can live up to three years in a greenhouse in some cases. Tomato plants are vines, initially decumbent, typically growing 180 cm (6 ft) or more above the ground if supported, although erect bush varieties have been bred, generally 100 cm (3 ft 3 in) tall or shorter. ![]() ( April 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This section needs additional citations for verification. In this capacity, it has even become an American and British slang term: saying " / t ə ˈ m eɪ t oʊ t ə ˈ m ɑː t oʊ/" when presented with two choices can mean "What's the difference?" or "It's all the same to me". The word's dual pronunciations were immortalized in Ira and George Gershwin's 1937 song " Let's Call the Whole Thing Off" ("You like / p ə ˈ t eɪ t oʊ/ and I like / p ə ˈ t ɑː t oʊ/ / You like / t ə ˈ m eɪ t oʊ/ and I like / t ə ˈ m ɑː t oʊ/") and have become a symbol for nitpicking pronunciation disputes. The usual pronunciations of tomato are / t ə ˈ m eɪ t oʊ/ (usual in American English) and / t ə ˈ m ɑː t oʊ/ (usual in British English). The specific name lycopersicum (from the 1753 book Species Plantarum) is of Greek origin ( λύκοπερσικων lykopersikon), meaning 'wolf peach'. When Aztecs started to cultivate the fruit to be larger, sweeter and red, they called the new variety xitomatl (or jitomates) ( pronounced ), ('plump with navel' or 'fat water with navel'). info), meaning 'swelling fruit' also 'fat water' or 'fat thing'.The word tomato comes from the Spanish tomate, which in turn comes from the Nahuatl word tomatl pronunciation ( help Grape tomatoes on the vine for sale at a market Etymology (Determinate, or bush, plants are annuals that stop growing at a certain height and produce a crop all at once.) The size of the tomato varies according to the cultivar, with a range of 1–10 cm ( 1⁄ 2–4 in) in width. Indeterminate tomato plants are perennials in their native habitat, but are cultivated as annuals. They are vines that have a weak stem that sprawls and typically needs support. ![]() Tomato plants typically grow to 1–3 meters (3–10 ft) in height. Numerous varieties of the tomato plant are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing for the production of tomatoes throughout all seasons of the year. While tomatoes are fruits- botanically classified as berries-they are commonly used culinarily as a vegetable ingredient or side dish. They are consumed in diverse ways: raw or cooked, and in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks. Tomatoes are a significant source of umami flavor. From there, the tomato was introduced to other parts of the European-colonized world during the 16th century. The Aztecs used tomatoes in their cooking at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, and after the Spanish encountered the tomato for the first time after their contact with the Aztecs, they brought the plant to Europe, in a widespread transfer of plants known as the Columbian exchange. Its domestication and use as a cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Mexico. ![]() The Mexican Nahuatl word tomatl gave rise to the Spanish word tomate, from which the English word tomato derived. The species originated in western South America, Mexico, and Central America. The tomato is the edible berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as the tomato plant.
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